Introduction to Oboe and Bassoon - 3379 Words

An Introduction Oboe and Bassoon By Marie A Rogers 300005290 Woodwind Techniques 1 1010-1100 Mr. Robinson The oboe is a soprano-range double reed instrument with a length of 62cm. Its wooden tube is distinguished by a conical bore that expands into a flaring bell. The modern oboe’s range extends from the B flat below middle C (b3 flat) to about 3 octaves higher (A6). The oboe has a very narrow conical bore. It is played with a double reed consisting of two thin blades of cane tied together on a small metal tube called a staple, which is inserted into the reed socket at the top of the instrument. Traditionally made from African Blackwood, also called grenadilla, the instrument is made in 3 parts. The top joint has 10 or 11†¦show more content†¦The modern Bassoon exists in two distinct primary forms the Buffett system and the Heckle system. Most of the world plays the Heckle system, while the Buffett system is primarily in France, Belgium, and parts of Latin America. Bassoon techniques The Bassoon is held diagonally in front of the player, but unlike the flute, oboe, and clarinet, it cannot be supported by the players hands alone. Some means of additional support is required; the most common ones used are a neck strap or shoulder harness attached to the top of the boot joint, a seat strap attached to the base of the boot joint which is laid across the chair seat prior to sitting down. To stabilize the right hand, many Bassoonists use an adjustable common shaped apparatus called a â€Å"crutch†, which mounts to the boot joint. An aspect of Bassoon playing technique called flicking involves the momentary pressing or â€Å"flicking† of the high A, C, and D keys by the left hand thumb at the beginning of certain note in the middle octave in order to eliminate the cracking or brief microphonic that happens without the use of the key. Bassoon Reeds Bassoon reeds, made of Arundo donax cane, are often made by the players themselves, although beginner bassoonists tend to buy their reeds from professional reed makers or use reeds made by their teachers. Reeds begin with a length of tube cane that is split into three or four pieces. The cane is then trimmed and gouged to the desired thickness,Show MoreRelatedThe Contribution Of French Music During The Decades After World War I1408 Words   |  6 Pageshouse of his teacher Ricardo Vines in 1918. David Ewen writes, Pictorially one is sometimes reminded of a chase, sometimes a dialogue. Normally, however, the main musical discourse is entrusted to the piano, while the bassoon is relegated to the role of a discrete commentator and the oboe is allowed to intensify the more lyrical flights. The very heart of Poulenc is in this adroit little work. It is in the spirit of an eighteenth century divertissement, light and witty in characteristics, yet with slightRead More Jazz Report Essay881 Words   |  4 Pagesmembranophones) used in this piece. Among the wind instruments (woodwinds and brass) heard were bassoon, oboe, French horn, and trumpet. The strings played included the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Finally, the percussion instrument used for this piece was the timpani. This movement is broken down into four sections by tempo: Adagio, Allegro, Lentement, and Allegro. The Adagio section begins with a slow introduction at a mezzoforte dynamic. This section is in a major key and set in quadruple meterRead Moreconcert report MUSIC APPRECIATION2347 Words   |  10 PagesGiacomo Miluccio 4. Selections from Divertissement for Oboe, Clarinet, and Bassoon (1927) - Erwin Schulhoff, 1894-1942 Charleston: Allegro Romanzero: Andantino Rondino-Finale: Molto allegro con Fuoco 5. Suite d’aprà ¨s Corrette for Oboe, Clarinet, and Bassoon, Op. 161 (1937) - Darius Milhaud (1892-1974) I. Entree et rondeau II. Tambourin III. Musette VIII. Le coucou 6. Divertissement for Oboe, Clarinet, and Bassoon, Op. 161 (1947), Jean Franà §aix (1912-1997) Prelude Read MoreThe Concert Hall At Lincoln Center980 Words   |  4 Pagesclarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, timpani, tambourine, triangle, bells, and strings. This is the Hungarian folk music. There were five movements. The symphonic poem was in rondo form. It starts with a short melody played first with strings, followed in succession by the horn, oboe, and orchestra. The second piece was Piano Concerto No. 2 in A major by Franz Liszt. The music Instruments were three flutes (one doubling piccolo), two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, twoRead More Analysis of Tchaikovskys Swan Lake Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pages The only escape is for Siegfried and Odette to die together, so they plunge into the lake and the spell is broken. The magician dies, and Siegfried and Odette find happiness in an afterlife. 1. Scene The harp plays ascending scales whilst the oboe plays a minor legato melody. The bass strings play pizzicato then the rest of the string section play tremolando and Crescendo. The brass repeats the melody, accompanied by the orchestra and a string tremolando inverted pedal. A string melody followsRead MoreAlex theatre is mid-sized theatre characterized by Greek and Egyptian touches to its internal1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe arrangement of the instruments on the stage was as follows: violins on left side and in the middle, violas, bass and cellos on the right side, timpani on the far right side, bassoons, horns, and oboes at the very far middle of the stage and, lastly, trumpets, flutes, and clarinets in the middle between violins and bassoons, horns, and oboes. The event started with a unique announcement made by the general manager, Andrea Laguni, where she introduced a close friend of the LA Chamber Orchestra, namedRead MoreAnalysis of Tchaikovskys quot;Romeo and Julietquot; Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesTchaikovsky - Romeo and Juliet The slow introduction, which is the theme of Friar Lawrence, begins with a slow minor melody played by the clarinets, which imitates a Russian hymn. The strings then take over the melody and use suspensions. There is a modulation to the major and the strings and woodwind play together. The music modulates back to minor and the flute plays an ascending minor arpeggio whilst the harp plays glissandos. This is repeated. Pizzicato strings then play a descending sequenceRead MoreBeethovens Seventh Symphony Analysis2490 Words   |  10 Pageswant to dance and burst into blissful joy. It involves four movements: 1. Poco sostenuto – Vivace, 2. Allegretto, 3. Presto – Assai meno presto (trio), and 4. Finale, Allegro con brio. The score includes two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, two drums (in which are tuned to A and E, except in the scherzo where they are in F and A), and basses. The first movement is in A major, with repeated modulati ons between C major and F major. The second movement also includesRead MoreAnalysis : Adagio Molto 2020 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction (mm. 1-12) Adagio molto Although the symphony is written in the key of C major, Beethoven begins the introduction with a PAC in F major in measure 1. He immediately moves away from this key as measure 2 begins with a V7 (G7 chord), which looks as thought it might resolve to the expected I chord in C major. However, this forms an interrupted cadence (V-vi), as Beethoven substitutes an A minor chord for the expected C major chord on beat 3 of the second measure. There also seems toRead MoreA Clockwork Orange By Anthony Burgess1473 Words   |  6 Pagesdo because I like it† (40). Through this passage, Alex makes the rape crime appear a joyful act of individual violence, but soon after the development of Beethoven’s symphony puts on a different interpretation. After the solo bass intones an introduction, soloists and then a full chorus and orchestra join the soloist, unified in singing the same poem. What initially seems like an individual remaining separate from a group does not remain solo for a very long. As other soloists join the solo bass

Musical Influence on Drug Abuse Free Essays

Musical Influence on Substance Abuse English 1302 Professor Young Sex, drugs and rock n’ roll. This commonly used phrase sums it up pretty well. It seems as though anytime I hear anything about a rock band, especially from the 1970’s or 1980’s there is some sort of drug abuse somewhere along the line with at least one or more of the band members, and this will usually result in the break up of the band or the death of a member. We will write a custom essay sample on Musical Influence on Drug Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now Well I started getting sick of rock music getting a bad wrap when it comes to drugs and heavy drinking, so I want to know, does the music preference or type of music a band or person play have a direct link to the type of drug they prefer to use? Did that music cause the individual to use these certain drugs, or are people that already use these substances drawn to a certain type of music? There are any questions to be asked when looking at the different music genres and the people involved with its drug of choice. Is crack and cocaine a problem in the ghetto’s because of rap music, or are these drugs in rap music because they were already prevalent in the ghetto’s? Do people take hallucinogenic drugs because it enhances the repetitive music they listen to, or are people getting into these type of drugs and then being drawn to that type of music because it intensifies the feeling of the drug. There are many questions that need to be asked and answered when it comes to musical preference and drug preference. Some studies have been done, but I have yet to find anything conclusive, mostly just statistics about where people are going that do these drugs, not what they are listening to. I am to dig deeper into this issue and find out if there is something more than just the type of music or type of person. I feel as though some drugs are around certain types of music and people for a reason. Whether it is to intensify the listening pleasure of that individual, or if it has nothing to do with the music at all and it is just the individual’s preference. I for one believe there is some sort of relationship between the two, I just don’t know what that is, yet. Rap music is one of the newest genres of music, but even rap has evolved to involve drug references in almost all of the most popular songs. A study done for addiction research and theory about changes in drug use being prevalent in rap songs showed that drugs were mentioned in 63% of rap songs, versus only about 10% of songs in other music genres. Rap music saw a large influx in the use of lyrics about drugs starting in the early 1990’s with marijuana being the most frequented drug mentioned. Some could argue that the crack cocaine epidemic that started in the ghetto’s in the early 1990’s had a big influence in this, but then why is marijuana the most mentioned? My outtake on this is that people started using harder and harder drugs, making marijuana less taboo as the years went on, so now it is just second nature to talk about marijuana, it’s not as bad as it was once thought to be. One example this article discussed was that rap artist Dr. Dre once said in a song â€Å"I don’t smoke weed or sinse, ‘cause it only gives a brother brain damage, and brain damage on the mike don’t manage. † Then, one of his very next album was named â€Å"The Chronic,† and hit triple platinum. Ironic? Maybe a bit, but was he doing this purely to sell records, or was marijuana something Dr. Dre enjoyed and wanted to pay it tribute? I am going with the latter explanation. Seeing as how he has had many more songs since the release of that album glorifying the use of marijuana. Next I wanted to take a look at the hard drugs and heavy drinking associated with the rock n’ roll lifestyle. If you take a look back at any great or largely influential band there is almost always traces of drug use and drinking. This has even proved to be the reason many of these bands do not still exist in today’s world. Try to find a picture of Slash, a guitarist for Guns n Roses, from the 1980’s, without him carrying around a bottle of Jack Daniels, it is nearly impossible. Most every rock n’ roll band from the 1980’s has a history of hard drug use and very heavy drinking. Because of the rock music? Or is it that these artist have always enjoyed hard drugs and drinking, but now that they are in a successful rock band they can afford more of it. Did the entertainment industry ruin these artist by turning them into drug addicts and alcoholics? In all my readings it seems to point in one direction, and that is usually these people have always had issues with drug use or alcohol, but now, with little to worry about and more money pouring in than they know what to do with, combined with the rowd they are now associating themselves with, they let these substances take over their life, and before they know it, the situation is no longer controllable. The sad fact is that rock music is fast paced, fueled by drugs that keep people on the go and booze, because who doesn’t like a good stiff drink every once and a while. Rock n’ roll music has that â€Å"screw everything, lets have fun† mentality, when you mix that with a group of people that has a common interest in drugs or alcohol things tend to get a little out of hand. Binge drinking, cocaine and heroin are the most common issues with substances that I have found about the rock n’ roll crowd. When people drink, especially in large amounts, inhibitions become lost, that coupled with the screw it attitude of rock music may help push someone to do those harder drugs that they would not normally do. From everything I’ve read, it seems as though rock music doesn’t cause people to do these things, but rather helps fuel these individuals decision to party harder and go further with their drug use. Once alcohol, fast paced music and the right crowd of people are thrown into the mix, it is relatively easy to see how someone could fall victim to drug abuse and make poor decisions. One of the other types of music genres I wanted to take a look at was all the repetitive music out there, including, techno, dubstep, trance and house. I have known many people throughout the last few years that enjoy these types of music, some of them drug users, some of them not. I have noticed that these people didn’t really have a drug of choice but rather did a little of everything, except for the hardcore fans. The people that go to big dance music parties or raves seem to like their hallucinogens more than any other drug. Where did this start though? This type of music is still relatively new in the grand scheme of things, so that tells me that maybe the music didn’t cause people to start using these drugs, but rather people that enjoyed using these types of drugs flocked to the repetitive music because of the way the drug enhanced it. Now, I know that most of the hallucinogenic drugs gained their popularity with the rock music of the 1960’s and 1970’s, but when did it switch from rock music to techno or the repetitive music genres? Did it switch because the rock stars of the 1980’s preferred the harder drugs like heroin? In every article and book that I looked in, it seems to me that alcohol is responsible for this change. Once rock stars started with the heavy drinking the hallucinogens were pretty much taken off the table, from what everyone has told me, alcohol and hallucinogens just do not mix well. So what is a person looking for a good time left to do? Go back to smoking marijuana, and that be it? Nope, it was time to move on to harder drugs and let the hallucinogens stay back with a different crowd. I know lsd and other hallucinogenics were around long before the popularization of repetitive music, so I can not put the blame on the music here, for this type of genre I believe that it is the drug that is responsible for the music. People are always looking for a way to intensify feelings, to go further than they did the last time they took a pill or snorted something. The way for this to happen was to look at the sense of sound, and use it to further the feeling of an acid trip. The use of repetitive beats, sounds and noises puts the drug user in a state of mind where nothing can bother them, it allows the drug to completely take over, thus intensifying the trip. After taking a look at many different music genres, these three seemed to be the most obvious ones that use drugs and or alcohol either in lyrics or as a way for the artist or listener to escape reality, if only briefly. Rap music did not become popular because of the crack cocaine problem in the ghetto’s, but one could easily argue that rap music helped crack become a nation wide epidemic because of the glorification in a lot of rap songs. Alcohol, cocaine, and heroin did not create rock n’ roll, sure it may have made it more interesting, but at the same time, it has ruined many artist’s lives that could have gone on to do great things for the music industry. Not everyone that attends a rave or a techno party is doing acid or ecstasy, but that music genre as a whole would not be in existence would it not have been for these drugs. While I don’t think music alone causes people to ruin their lives with drugs and alcohol, there is definitely a link between music and drug use. Whether it’s the type of drug, or how much of the drug that person prefers doesn’t matter, through all my readings one thing is certain, drugs and music have a past together and will have a future. How to cite Musical Influence on Drug Abuse, Essay examples

Psychology Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

Question: Write about thePsychology forVentromedial Prefrontal Cortex. Answer: Introduction In the recent years, there have been several studies that have focused on the function of ventromedial prefrontal cortex, also referred as the medial orbitofrontal cortex. However, any kind of focal liaisons in this area of the brain may cause an abnormal egocentric pattern in the moral judgment. The studies have shown that these focal damages in this area of brain are mostly conflicting in nature and also heterogeneous (Taber-Thomas et al., 2014). This article examines the contrast in the patients with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions acquired in the developmental phase and in the adult ages. The evidences have suggested that the lesions are a crucial neural substrate which may go beyond the self interest of the patient. Theories used in the Article Different studies regarding the ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions have suggested that these lesions to this area of the brain may have an impact on the reward processing or may influence the motivational features. However, it is also possible that the lack of motivation in the human behavior may cause for other reasons as well. Therefore, the researchers have demonstrated the trouble in making decisions to be an outcome of ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions. The cognitive tasks of a human being may be affected through lesions in this area. A human being who is affected with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions may have issues in the situations with risks and other alteration with the autonomic anticipatory responses. This study has taken two different groups of individuals who have developmental lesions in the ventromedial PFC under the age of sixteen and another group of individuals with the developmental onset liaisons outside this region of the brain. Other Research Articles the at Provide a Background to the Primary DRR Article The maturation in the judgment process can be considered as the characteristic of the human moral development that is developed during the childhood and the adolescent period. Scholars have indicated several features of the moral development; therefore there are two related researches that set the platform for these neuropsychological studies. The first one is the seminal work of Kohlberg that is concerned with the deep rooted development in terms of social emotions and abstract reasoning. The second research that provides a background for the present study is the impact of the functions of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC) for the emotional and social thoughts or the moral development (Taber-Thomas et al., 2014). The patients with this disorder are seen to have abnormality in the moral development and express an abnormal judgment in the socially controversial situations. The Reason for Conducting the Study The previous studies have indicated that the dysfunction of ventromedial prefrontal cortex may have a crucial role in the neuro-developmental disorder such as psychopathy. The previous researches have indicated that the functions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex are necessary for the natural moral development in an individual (Hebscher et al., 2015). This study was conducted to exhibit the relationship between the naturally healthy group and the individuals who had issues with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in their developmental phase. Previously, the authors have conducted two studies on individuals with this disorder who were shown with lack of empathy and unethical behavior. The social issues in those two patients were more than it is seen in the patients with the adult-onset ventromedial PFC lesions. The evidences indicate that any dysfunction in the early years can cause the immaturity of the adult-onset ventromedial PFC but damage causing the later life may not affect the initial stages of the moral development. Therefore, this particular study has been conducted with the neurological patients that are put into empirical test. The Way of Conducting the Study The researchers had evaluated their initial findings about the individuals with the developmental-onset ventromedial PFC injury that might show self centered moral judgments while taking control of the moral situations with lower conflicts. The resulted have indicated to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex having a significant role to play in the moral development. The researchers have also compared and contrasted to the patients with developmental-onset ventromedial PFC and the ones with damages outside the ventromedial PFC and the healthy adults who have no neurological issues (Taber-Thomas et al., 2014). The patients had to make judgments about fifty hypothetical situations. After the description of each scenario, there was a question with the options of yes or no. The moral situations were either with low or high moral conflict. Therefore the researchers analyzed the data nueroanatomically. Findings and Application The findings of Taber-Thomas et al. (2014) support the previous predictions. In the lower conflict situations the developmental-onset ventromedial PFC group has shown more self centered decisions than the other groups. The in groups differences were particular in the lower conflict situations. However, in the non moral situations there were no such noteworthy differences between the groups. As a support to the previous predictions, the damages in the ventromedial PHC were associated with the self centered actions. However, the patients having damages with the age of five were seen to have more impairment. The researchers have also evaluated a model that tested the ventromedial PFC damage in the higher conflict situations show differences between the groups. Impact of the Findings on the Subsequent Research From the findings of this research indicate that one should understand the psychological development of the moral growth for understanding the development of anti social behavior. The patients with the damages of the in the ventromedial PFC in their early ages had indicated the notion whether different areas of brain is accountable for different social behavior of an individual. The findings of data from the patients with ventromedial PFC damage had shown more self centered decisions in the situations with moral conflicts. Those individuals tend to disobey the moral or ethical rules for their own good. An initial analysis had also suggested that damages within the age of five years are more harmful to the ventromedial PFC, therefore causing more self centered judgments (Taber-Thomas et al., 2014). However, damages in the adult ages may or may not have any impact on the moral developments and judgments. Even though the small number of patients can be considered as one of the limitatio ns of thee study, but the study has a great impact on the neuro-biological study. The difference between the two groups has further indicated to the previous findings of the researchers. Future Scope for Research There are several chances of the future researches in this area as there have not been many studies in this area. It will be necessary to continue this study with other experiments with the different other stimulus and other experiments with moral reasoning. It is also necessary to conduct research with a larger number of patients. Keeping the basic findings of the research same, there can be several experiments on the neurological development of the patients with ventromedial PFC damage at different stages. This study only provides empirical evidence on the suggestion that the ventromedial PFC may have a significant impact on the maturity of the human moral development (Taber-Thomas et al., 2014). However, there is a future scope of research is this genre if the genetic and the other environmental factors are evaluated to find out whether the ventromedial PFC damage have the profound impact on making the self centered moral judgments. In the cases of children or the young adults, th is result can be more prevalent and be more effective in understanding the human social and moral development. These findings can pave the way of future researches in this field. Reference List and Bibliography Ghosh, V. E., Moscovitch, M., Colella, B. M., Gilboa, A. (2014). Schema representation in patients with ventromedial PFC lesions.Journal of Neuroscience,34(36), 12057-12070. Hebscher, M., Barkan-Abramski, M., Goldsmith, M., Aharon-Peretz, J., Gilboa, A. (2015). Memory, decision-making, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC): the roles of subcallosal and posterior orbitofrontal cortices in monitoring and control processes.Cerebral Cortex, bhv220. Hogeveen, J., Hauner, K. K., Chau, A., Krueger, F., Grafman, J. (2016). Impaired valuation leads to increased apathy following ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage.Cerebral Cortex, bhv317. Levens, S. M., Larsen, J. T., Bruss, J., Tranel, D., Bechara, A., Mellers, B. A. (2014). What might have been? The role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and lateral orbitofrontal cortex in counterfactual emotions and choice.Neuropsychologia,54, 77-86. Pujara, M. S., Wolf, R. C., Baskaya, M. K., Koenigs, M. (2015). Ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage alters relative risk tolerance for prospective gains and losses.Neuropsychologia,79, 70-75. Snchez-Navarro, J. P., Driscoll, D., Anderson, S. W., Tranel, D., Bechara, A., Buchanan, T. W. (2014). Alterations of attention and emotional processing following childhood-onset damage to the prefrontal cortex.Behavioral neuroscience,128(1), 1. Taber-Thomas et al. (2014) Arrested development: early prefrontal lesions impair the maturation of moral judgement [topic 2 biological bases, chapter 3 4] Taber-Thomas, B. C., Asp, E. W., Koenigs, M., Sutterer, M., Anderson, S. W., Tranel, D. (2014). Arrested development: early prefrontal lesions impair the maturation of moral judgement.Brain,137(4), 1254-1261. Warren, D. E., Jones, S. H., Duff, M. C., Tranel, D. (2014). False recall is reduced by damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex: implications for understanding the neural correlates of schematic memory.Journal of Neuroscience,34(22), 7677-7682. Wolf, R. C., Philippi, C. L., Motzkin, J. C., Baskaya, M. K., Koenigs, M. (2014). Ventromedial prefrontal cortex mediates visual attention during facial emotion recognition.Brain,137(6), 1772-1780.